Since the participants were reporting past experience and practice, there may have elicited recall bias. The email address should be the one you originally registered with F1000. Stay in the facility for an adequate time after the delivery is crucial both for the mother and the baby. It was observed that utilization of maternal health services during pregnancy, delivery and post-delivery was low in the study population, especially the postnatal care. Keywords: postnatal care, utilization, Nigeria, determinants, maternal neonatal and child health Word count: 13,117 These profiles were also looked at separately for women from SHG households and non-SHG households. A study done in different states of India reported the coverage of full ANC in UP as 35% [21] which is quite high as compared to what we found in this study. Although 68% of women delivered in a health facility, 29% stayed for at least 48 h. Any PNC within 42 days after delivery was reported by 26% of women. Institutional delivery in the survey area was 68% which is similar to reports from rural areas of UP (67% as per NFHS-4) [20] but less than the national rural figure of India (75%) [24]. It has been shown that motherless children have a higher chance of dying before their second birthday than those who have mothers alive5. The questionnaire given to each woman in this study, in the original Burmese and English. Within the past 4 years, you have held joint grants, published or collaborated with any of the authors of the selected paper. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition Among the reviewed articles, the proportion of postnatal care service utilization reported in four studies were more than 50% and out of studies with PNC more than 50%, three studies are from Ethiopia [ 16. Downloaded data do not display as expected? In this study, the outcome variable was utilization of full PNC which was defined as the participants receiving at least four postnatal visits and the first visit within 24 hours of delivery. We found 66% of women or their family had saved or made arrangement of money to meet expenses during delivery or in case of any emergency. One reason could be because of the change in guidelines from a minimum of three to four antenatal visits. This could be because health was never discussed during their meetings. It was observed that with increasing age, odds of delivering in an institution reduced (OR = 0.97, 955 CI = 0.95, 0.99, p value = 0.026). 2015. *Those that received more than one PNC service. Women might be using SHGs for financial purposes primarily. 2010;56:22. The MMR of India is declining; it has come down from 212 in 2007–2009 to 167 in 2011–2013 [2]. This community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted at selected villages (anonymized for ethical reasons) in the Magway Region, which was chosen because its MMR, 343.6 per 100,000 LBs1, is higher than union average (282 per 100,000 LBs) and then 85% of residents in this region are from rural populations16. Besides these variables, few additional covariates were also included considering their biological plausibility. Although the length of recall period in the study was up to 15 months only to avoid any kind of recall bias, still there may be some recall bias. 2014;29(5):542–59. Data were collected between November 2016 and January 2017. SHG households had a bigger family size (mean = 7.4, SD = 3.1) when compared with non-SHG households (mean = 6.8, SD = 3.0). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140448. delivered in a health care facility were more likely to receive PNC than mothers who did not deliver in a health care facility [AOR = 0.65, 95% CI (0.58, 0.94)]. The analysis revealed that women with an increasing number of contacts with health workers (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01, 1.07, p value = 0.011), at least three ANC visits (OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.20, 1.97, p value = 0.001) and institutional delivery (OR = 2.48, 95% CI = 1.84, 3.34, p value < 0.001) were more likely to avail any PNC within 42 days. Some have emphasized the timing of postnatal care visits9,10, but others have considered whether women received PNC at least once, regardless of the timing of the first visit or the number of visits11–15. We observed in our study that the utilization of any PNC services within 42 days of delivery was low (26%). This indicated that there might be a weakness in delivering health messages from health care providers to rural mothers. Maternal health situation in India: a case study. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) during the postnatal period a woman should receive at least three home visits by health workers, the pursuit of folic iron tablets acid and calcium, care of the infection, get an education on breastfeeding, family planning services, […] User comments must be in English, comprehensible and relevant to the article under discussion. Only 26% of all women reported that they had received any PNC within 42 days of delivery, which is approximately the same among SHG and non-SHG households. Nearly two-thirds of the women in the study (64.4%) selected their home as their place of delivery. From each township, a random selection of 5 villages (having not less than 18 women who had delivered 2 years prior to the survey) was done. However, there is a long way to achieve the target mentioned in the SDG goals. Effect of combining a health program with a microfinance-based self-help group on health behaviors and outcomes. 2014;14:1–13. Increasing awareness about postnatal care, preventing maternal and neonatal complication, and scheduling mothers based on the national postnatal care follow-up protocol would increase postnatal care service utilization. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e1634. Among women who reported utilization of any ANC services, 61% had availed at least three ANCs and only 6% had full ANC (which includes at least three ANC plus two TT injections plus 100+ IFA tablets). Springer Nature. Results of both adjusted and unadjusted analyses are presented in Table 4. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.15561.1, Creative Commons Zero "No rights reserved" data waiver, https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.15561.d211750, http://www.doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.15561.d211750, https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.16974.r36686, https://f1000research.com/articles/7-1167/v1#referee-response-36686, https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.16974.r36684, https://f1000research.com/articles/7-1167/v1#referee-response-36684, https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.16974.r36685, https://f1000research.com/articles/7-1167/v1#referee-response-36685. Available from: http://rchiips.org/NFHS/pdf/NFHS4/UP_FactSheet.pdf. Likewise, postnatal care has been poorly implemented in Ethiopia [ 4 ]. Gupta RK, Shora TN, Verma AK, Jan R. Knowledge regarding antenatal care services, its utilization, and delivery practices in mothers (aged 15-49 years) in a rural area of North India. It has also been shown that ANC is the gateway for other healthy behaviors adopted during and after pregnancy, like institutional delivery, providing newborn care, exclusive breastfeeding, complimentary feeding and many more [8]. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 667 women of reproductive age group who had children aged 45 days - 6 months in 13 districts (3 urban and 10 rural). This project was funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (Grant number: OPPI033910) awarded to Public Health Foundation of India. Postnatal care service utilization was found to be low. Postnatal care service utilization and associated factors among women who gave birth in the last 12 months prior to the study in Debre Markos town, northwestern Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study. Therefore, an attempt was made in this study to assess the status of ANC service utilization and important factors that affect women’s utilization of maternal health care services. Similar findings of high coverage but low quality of ANC services are being reported from different countries [26, 27]. The rural women earning higher incomes (≥50,000 MMK) were twice as likely to receive full PNC as their counterparts earning <50,000 MMK (AOR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.11-3.68). The leading cause of maternal death was post-partum haemorrhage (PPH), and the second and third-leading causes were pregnancy-induced hypertension and abortion, respectively. Although not associated with the utilization, SHGs can be used for delivering health care messages within and beyond the group. Dataset 1. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, ANC, delivery and PNC was collected from 1729 women from SHG households and 479 women from non-SHG households during the survey. The influence of age on the utilization of antenatal care services among pregnant women has been largely reported by many researchers all over the world. Most of the important complications of the postpartum period which can lead to maternal death occur during the first 48 h. This becomes much more important in the case of home deliveries. Google ScholarÂ. Available from: http://nhm.gov.in/images/pdf/programmes/maternal-health/guidelines/my_safe_motherhood_booklet_english.pdf. BMJ Open. Accessed 21 June 2017. International Institute for Population Sciences. © 2012-2021 F1000 Research Ltd. ISSN 2046-1402 | Legal | Partner of HINARI • CrossRef • ORCID • FAIRSharing. Please disclose any competing interests that might be construed to influence your judgment of the article's or peer review report's validity or importance. Singh P, Yadav R. Antenatal care of pregnant women in India. International Institute for Sciences. those in the same village having similar access to a health clinic), for estimation of standard error, the GEE was applied18. Roy MP, Mohan U, Singh SK, Singh VKSA. This study is aimed at identifying the factors associated with the utilization of complete postnatal care (PNC) among mothers. Indian Institute of Public Health, Delhi, India, Braintree Global Health, Cambridge, MA, USA, Centre for Research and Action, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, Canberra, Australia, Public Health Foundation of India, Plot 47, Sector 44, Institutional Area, Gurgaon, Haryana, 122002, India, Ranjana Singh, Sutapa B. Neogi & Danish Ahmad, Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, India, Community and Rural Development and Agriculture Departments, Shillong, Meghalaya, India, Rajiv Gandhi Mahila Vikas Pariyojna, Lucknow, India, You can also search for this author in