The work therefore concludes that a state’s recognition of human security is of paramount importance in ensuring its own legitimacy and state security. By Alexander Goodwin, Nottingham Trent University. ITALIAN MEDIA’S REPRESENTATION OF FEMALE SEX OFFENDERS 2008-2014: AN ANALYSIS, By Castellani Cecilia, University College Cork – National University of Ireland, Cork, Criminology. By Maryam Aisha Zaman. THE FUKUSHIMA DISASTER – A critical evaluation of the crisis management practice and accident response taken in the case of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident from the perspective of ‘risk society’ thesis and green criminology, By Yuki Taira Royal Holloway, University of London. Furthermore, development of international legislations and awareness raised within the countries where the problem exists was presented. Find more similar words at wordhippo.com! Imitation and Incitement: An Analysis of Media-Driven Behaviour and Criminality. This approach encourages the extended family to participate, in addition to teachers, school administrators, “and other adults who interact with the youth” (Greenwood, 2006: 72). Therefore, researchers may need to consider new, creative methods for obtaining a reliable research study on female youth. This dissertation met the research aim through an extensive study of the relevant literature and the implementation of a multi-method approach, designed to collect empirical data from practitioners with expertise in the research area.   By Lewis Evenden, Student at Nottingham Trent University, UK. Contemporary Maritime Piracy and Securi-Car Thefts: Can Lessons From the Past Have Practical Implications on Reducing Future Incidence? ‘www.how-to-be-a-better-burglar.com’: An exploratory study of online burglary guides. Juvenile maladaptive aggression: A review of prevention, treatment, Farrington, David P. and Brandon C. Welsh. (2002). Results indicate that specific factors of a defendant’s background, such as criminal and psychiatric history, are associated with impacting a successful not guilty by reason of insanity plea, as are characteristics that indicate planning and victimizing a child. Black youth crime and the portrayal of black youths in the media have generated considerable publicity in recent years. It has much in common with Andrews et al.’s RNR model, but approaches treatment from a different viewpoint (Ward and Maruna, 2007: 172-173). However, research occasionally suggested otherwise; that the elderly were less fearful since they knew their likelihood of victimisation was lower than younger people. A separate group of approximately 500 Ontarians was asked the same question with regard to adults and indicated 7.77 out of 10 (Doob, 2000: 329), which is still high, but not as strong as perceptions about rehabilitation for youth. Whether or not family pets are a factor in women staying in abusive relationships is an understudied and undervalued research topic in today’s society. Both groups evolved into profit-orientated organisations. The research focuses on the varying definitions of youth gangs, followed by an analysis of both US and UK subcultural explanations of the emergence of gangs and finally a look at how media moral panics influence government initiatives. The fear of crime has received an unprecedented amount of attention in the form of research in recent times; however there is a great deal which remains unknown and unanswered. The question of whether the police operate in a discriminatory way has recently been bought to attention since the Stephen Lawrence Inquiry (1999). Drug normalisation has been a theory that has been heavily neglected for around a decade, therefore this dissertation is extremely valuable as it provides a thorough investigation in a contemporary setting. This aided comprehension of any common effects of discrimination, which may be similar to those experienced by officers if discrimination related to length of service is present. The experiment looked to observe how the gender of the participant and the gender of the “criminal” influenced the length of sentence given. There exists a discrepancy between how the news media portrays the drinking habits of the lower classes namely the ‘underclass’ and the working class, compared with the middle class and celebrity culture in Britain today. (Doctoral Dissertation, University of New Orleans). A critical evaluation of policy and practice responses in England and Wales for unaccompanied migrant children who are trafficked into slavery. An Examination of How Changes in Policing Practices Have Affected Criminal Justice Discrimination Against Minority Ethnic Communities. By Ian Mirsky, Student at Buffalo State, State University of New York, USA. The Bare Life of the ‘Problem Drug User’: An Analysis of Neo-Liberal State Responses to ‘Problem Drug Users’. Child Trafficking in the UK: An Examination of Contemporary Approaches. In other words, rehabilitation works better than many of the programs and ideals that are rampant in corrections to date. Representations become more complicated, and so views of the police become more extreme and varied, which in turn may create more tension over opinions on the police. In a period spanning the past 20 years, there has been a “detrimental paradigm shift from ‘penal welfarism’ to ‘penal populism’, the result of which justifies an increase in the use of incarceration” (Bruce, 2010). Indeed, the Italian country rarely appears in statistics, papers or researches on such topic determining a worrying, and very likely misleading, ignorance. With reference to drugs being used as a form of control within prisons, Ware explores whether these kinds of findings are pertinent in the surgeries of general practitioners, and whether a similar theory of control applies to the use of medication in individuals, especially children and teenagers, who are perceived to act outwith the social norm. It explores how consumption has become the grand narrative in contemporary society and examines the political and economic context in which this has flourished. The tactics include foot and bike patrol, beat meetings, mini-stations and many other citizen and police partnerships (Thomas & Burns 2005). Multi-systemic therapy and multidimensional treatment foster care programs “appear promising in the treatment of severely aggressive adolescents with chronic juvenile justice histories,” with reported decreases in arrest rates of 25 to 75 per cent lower than control groups over one-year to four-year follow-up periods, according to evaluation studies (Connor et al., 2006: 812), and the research is supportive of functional family therapy as well. Webster (2004) notes that “[r]ehabilitation is a crime prevention strategy rooted in the notion that offenders can change and lead crime-free lives in the community” (Webster, 2004: 115). A thesis is presented on the mental health issues amongst policemen. This dissertation investigates the changed nature of the commodifcation of violence, with a content analysis of 166 websites containing such violence, to explore themes and trends in the online violence market. Life as a Cop - The Impacts of Policing on Police Officers: Is Policing a Lifestyle Choice? With the prioritisation of reducing re-offending and protecting the public, the National Offender Management Strategy (NOMS) fundamentally conflicts with the characteristics of elderly prisoners and fails to consider their re-integrative needs. The aim of this dissertation is to provide a critical analysis of the issues surrounding the implementation of Electronic monitoring (EM). I suggest that failure to internalise the regime constitutes genuine survival, and docility the converse. This dissertation, therefore, considers measures that have been put in place by the UK Government to protect trafficked children in conjunction with the various Non Governmental Organisations who are also involved in the issue, in an attempt to assess the scale of child trafficking in the UK. (2001). Through semi-structured, qualitative interviews, it explores the various pressures that are placed on officers throughout their role; the impact these have upon them as people; and the way in which they live their lives. This study critically analysed the extent to which the doctrine of joint enterprise criminalises young BAME individuals and how gang narratives contribute to the prosecution of BAME groups. While this finding is not generalizable due to the incredibly small sample, it highlights the importance of studying the therapeutic relationship in terms of rehabilitation. The second part of the report will look at the main roles carried out by these women when they get to ISIS-controlled territory and the implications for future threats to security. The author makes reference to key texts from the medical establishment as well as critical criminology texts. This dissertation aims to provide a resourceful tool by providing a typology and framework of promising practice to be applied to specific areas of such an escalating global crime problem. This exercise also illustrates the possible dangers of creating a balanced subpanel from an unbalanced data set. However, it cannot be disputed that support for victims has progressed significantly within the last decade. The balance of this paper will be dedicated to this body of research. One explanation for this could be that more serious offenders are more likely to be forced into treatment; however, this would violate Andrews et al.’s “risk” principle, which has been supported in subsequent studies (Dowden and Andrews, 2000). Thus, further cultural comparisons regarding drug policy between different nations are recommended with a focus on the BRIC nations to reflect drugs’ global attributes and the changing nature of this world. This dissertation firstly examines how modernity and capitalism have encouraged environmental destruction and then assesses how the media, lobby groups and governments perpetuate the discourses of corporate environmental harm. This dissertation measures the extent to which recreational drug use has become normalised amongst the student population at university. Is Violence Inherent in Upper Level Drug Markets? It was therefore recommended to provide more funds to alternative organisations and to task them with developing campaigns providing pertinent training to businesses and staff that is tailored to the community’s needs. This is especially controversial due to the decriminalisation of abortion in Northern Ireland in the same year. Notions of ‘anomie’ and stigma are then used to frame discussions from these interviews. Secondary research was used throughout the paper allowing for the difficulties in accessing sex offenders and their environment to be overcome, but also it allowed for time and cost to be kept to an absolute minimum. By looking into the programmes in more depth this research found that the effectiveness of the programmes was not as straight forward as had been originally perceived. The notion of ‘edgework’ is also a focus, as it is an original and interesting concept that humans craving for the exhilaration of risk can cause crime, and that modern day media technologies may provide an alterative avenue to feed this craving. Given the hidden nature of these disorders, they can be difficult for criminal justice professionals to identify, and characteristics of the conditions could be misconstrued as offending behaviour. Can Discipline Cope? By Lorinda Norris, Student at Nottingham Trent University, UK. To What Extent Are Different Types of Care Environment Criminogenic? Overall, the research found that within the sample, recreational drug use has become further normalised and has moved significantly away from its traditional association with deviancy. They have received little attention due to the traditional notion that they suffer low levels of victimisation. By Carly Speed, Liverpool John Moores University, UK. Women comprise just 5% of the total UK prison population therefore it is argued that the specific needs of imprisoned women are being overlooked in the development of policy. In essence, this means that when compared with community-based programs, institutionalized programs have been found to be less effective. Additionally, a systematic review methodology is adopted to examine the relationships between coping strategies, adjustment and well being of male inmates. Noramlly, however, various formal and informal controls regulate the amount and extremity of such violence that is consumed. An Investigation. “Bye-Bye Fascists”: A Critical Analysis of the English Defence League. It contends that ‘docility’ can be an intentional strategy; a product of the possession of agency rather than of its absence as Foucault would argue. Additionally examined are the challenges that Fine Art programme facilitators face in the running of their programmes, as well as challenges researchers face when carrying out their studies and the limitations of existing research. The Internet is prevalent within the UK; its abilities are consumed by our education system, our retailing industry, and our employment sector, just to name a few. (1990). When comparing statistics from the British Crime Survey regarding victimisation in England and Wales with independent research into ownership and use of leisure and communication technologies, strong visible relationships were found. Although it has been contended here that effective treatment can be offered both within and outside the walls of a correctional facility, there is evidence that being imprisoned elicits negative effects. Palmer, Ted. Among non-institutionalized youth, the authors found that positive rehabilitative effects were larger for youth who had mixed prior offences (including offences against persons), compared with youth who only had prior property offences (Loeber and Farrington, 1998: 18). This dissertation highlights that sending women to prison, who tend not commit serious crime and drawing a prison population who have the characteristics of economic and social deprivation, is completely unnecessary. Moreover, appropriate and unspecified treatment both showed significant reductions in recidivism when compared with criminal sanctions and inappropriate service. This study uses qualitative interview data obtained from nine police officers accessed via a Police Neighbourhood Team over a two week period in December 2011. For example, vocational programs, as noted above, may not be ideal for youth. They account for over 50 per cent of the prison population but account for only 13 per cent of the general population. This section concludes with a summary of what works, what doesn’t work and what we need to know more about regarding rehabilitation efforts. Moreover, due to governmental cuts to funding, there is now more demand than ever on the police to be an efficient, effective and resourceful public service. As mentioned earlier in this report, there are many programs that have not received extensive evaluation. What this implies is that rehabilitation “works,” and in comparison with conventional sanctions, it works a lot better. Male rape in the 21st century is problematic because males are still frightened to report for a wide range of reasons. This study examines the subjective experiences of Muslim and Hindu women in Leicestershire who have suffered domestic violence. FFT is cheaper than MST, but not as intensive, and there is no on-call therapist. To What Extent Has Facebook Become a Conduit for Criminal Activity? Neighbourhood policing is the most recent model of community policing in the UK, whilst community policing has been a popular model in the USA it has not been as influential in the UK. University of Chester/St Helens College. Although this is only an exploratory study it argues that in order to understand the impact and effectiveness of Neighbourhood Policing it is essential that future research concentrates on the perceptions of those involved in the delivery and on the receiving end of this approach. By Jana Trajkovska, Navitas College of Public Safety, UK. Resistance and docility are seen as negotiated strategies in the processes of surviving imprisonment, necessitating sophisticated strategies of discretion in the application of the regime by uniformed staff. By Sarah Price, Nottingham Trent University, UK. However, the unforeseen costs of the globalization of a freely accessible environment that lacks any kind of appropriate formal control has eventually succumb to those who wish to exploit its relative vulnerability and naivety as a secure community. Criteria for inclusion in a meta-analysis might include factors like sample size, pre-program and post-program outcomes, the presence of a control group, etc. In order to examine the possible connections between autistic spectrum disorders and offending, as well as the criminal justice system response to young offenders on the autistic spectrum, a review of the current literature was undertaken. It is The aim of the following literature review is to attempt to discover whether public protection outweighs civil liberties or vice versa. Wolfe, David A. University of Sheffield. The Extent of Student Knowledge on the Current UK Drugs Policy, and Their Perception of Harms In Illegal Drugs The emergence of youth gangs in the UK in recent years has resulted in heightened media attention of the group, with sensationalised headlines appearing in newspapers relating to violent gang crimes which have led to the deaths of many young people. It has been claimed that principles of justice are being jeopardised by an obsession with risk reduction, with punitive policies having little empirical basis. So long as the student was given a first class mark and the paper is criminological in content we will publish it, thereby offering up and coming criminologists an outlet through which to become published. The answer to this question will be determined next, by reviewing the empirical evidence on rehabilitative efforts. It used previous literature to assess and discover the impacts neoliberalism (as a form of capitalism) has on society (in terms of its political ideologies). It concludes that although neo-liberalism may not lead directly to higher crime rates some of its effects are hardly conducive to a peaceful society. Some studies indicate that programs that are not implemented properly have the potential to do more harm (such as result in more violence) than no treatment at all (Webster, 2004). Studies examining public opinion and crime are new to Romania – indeed, this survey represents the first attempt to explore such subjects. Why is the International Justice System Ineffective at Protecting the Rights of Child Soldiers? This evidence provides details about specific cases of criminality, which is analysed in conjunction with the media individuals are purported to have imitated to evaluate the extent to which media is relevant in the cases discussed. By Hannah Cooksey, Student at the University of Chester, UK. It is argued that there is a need for more Criminological research into this area. Bridging The Gap Between Prison And The Community: An exploration of resettlement and desistance among female offenders in England and Canada The main aims of this dissertation were to use empirical and secondary qualitative research techniques to establish why police officers become cynical, and to investigate any dislocation between the themes elicited from police literature on the causes of cynicism, and the feelings expressed by contemporary police officers. However, there were no projects that addressed victims of assault in Derby. Due to a substantial rise in immigration into the UK over the last decade and the terrorist attacks of 9/11 and 7/7, the UK moved away from multiculturalism and instead adopted a push towards civic integration. – Questions and answers about prison reform. This research strives to provide a deeper understanding into factors within the prison context that lead to the development or exacerbation of mental health problems amongst all prisoners. In Lawrence W. Sherman et al. Whilst the analyses of both sets of headlines revealed this to be true, interestingly the documentary relating to Maxine Carr appeared to take on a far more balanced stance. For non-institutionalized youth, restitution programs were also found to provide moderate effect sizes, while among institutionalized youth, moderate effect sizes were found in programs that offered community residential programs, group counselling, individual services, and guided group therapy (Loeber and Farrington, 1998: 18). Further objectives include examining the reasons why false claims are made, to what extent they contribute to the low conviction rate in rape cases which is currently only 6% (Home Office, 2010) and examining the role that alcohol and drugs may play in making a false allegation. Prepared for and submitted to the Review of the Roots of Youth Violence by the Ministry of Children and Youth Services (Ontario). This small scale research project utilises secondary analysis of 6 texts to lay the foundations into the study of criminal motivation in an increasingly individualised society. The detailed reasons for this finding are discussed in this research. Thus, when designing programming and policy, it is important that the outcome is appealing for those whom we want to change. The interview with the Blackpool CCTV Unit and research has highlighted some interesting factors as to why these results may have occurred. Nonetheless, more research needs to be done to make robust conclusions for this particular group. It is argued that state discourses about terrorism and security are a core component of national security campaigns, and that through the construction of insecurity narratives (constellations of discourse about a particular security threat), states effectively ‘do national security’. Results have held in various settings and with services delivered by different types of therapists (Greenwood, 2006: 72). Experiences of violent juvenile re-offenders in counseling. The purpose of this study is to evaluate how HM Prison Sudbury prepares their life sentence prisoners for release with a particular consideration of risk assessment. Concentrating on two different cases of male and female co-offending; Vanessa George and Colin Blanchard and Maxine Carr and Ian Huntley, a review of the literature relating to each of the partnerships was initially undertaken before critically analysing the linguistic features of a selection of headlines and two documentaries relating to each of the cases. This dissertation aims to provide a critical examination of the various types of treatment interventions that affect the mentally disordered offender. Cognitive-behavioural therapy has been selected for discussion because it is one of the most well-defined forms of treatment in the literature and it is widely used on its own or as part of other treatments (such as MST, Moral Reconation Therapy (MRT) and the Reasoning and Rehabilitation program (Hubbard, 2007: 3)]. By Ellie Ralph, John Moores University, Liverpool. Problems Faced by the Criminal Justice System in Addressing Fraud Committed by Multinational Corporations. This review aims to provide an overview of the coping strategies, adjustment and well being of male inmates in the prison environment. The continuing march towards a progressive, enlightened society, may when viewed against a backdrop of increasing societal acceptance of a visible Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender [LGBT] agenda, have paradoxically facilitated an increase in hate crime. Roberts (2004) reports that, during the late 1980s, 78 per cent of Americans felt that rehabilitation should be the primary goal when sentencing youth. What this research aims to highlight is, that in order for there to be a cultural shift in Britain’s relationship with alcohol, the middle class should no longer be able to hide behind the protection of the media, with all social groups needing to be open to scrutiny. This was done by distributing self-administered questionnaires to a student population (N = 100). The RNR model posits that applying the three principles of risk, need, and responsivity is imperative for effective treatment planning and delivery and hypothesized reductions in offender recidivism. In Functional Family Therapy (FFT), treatment is delivered to youth between the ages of 11 and 18 who have engaged in delinquency, violence or substance abuse (Greenwood, 2006: 70). Deviance is the violation of societal rules, which may be consensual or imposed by a powerful group (Box 1981). Unravelling their Misrepresentations and Understanding the Cause: An exploratory study into domestic violence concerning gay men Due to the contemporary nature of Neighbourhood Policing there is limited literature available examining a range of important issues. It not only analyses the effect it has on offending behaviour, but also assesses the impact it has on other aspects of a young person’s life. By Grace Morrison, University of Teesside, UK. Examples of criminogenic needs include anti-social attitudes and feelings and negative peer associations. : An Evaluation of Kingston University Student’s Opinion, The Police Uniform: Power, Authority and Culture. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 12, 133–152. Statistics demonstrate that self-inflicted deaths in prisons is a persistent problem which raises serious questions regarding the state’s ability to adequately care for prisoners wellbeing. Sex Trafficking of Women and Children in Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States: The Global Politics of Exploitation